Classification of CVS diseases and Pharmacology

Classification of CVS diseases:  

• hypertension
• heart failure 
• arrhythmias
• angina pectoris
• atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia 
• thrombotic disease
• peripheral vascular disease 
• stroke  

1. Hypertension

• Diuretics: Thiazides, Loop diuretics, Potassium-sparing diuretics.
• Beta-Blockers: Non-selective, Beta-1 selective.
• ACE Inhibitors: Enalapril, Lisinopril.
• Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): Losartan, Valsartan.
• Calcium Channel Blockers: Dihydropyridines (e.g., Amlodipine), Non-dihydropyridines (e.g., Verapamil, Diltiazem).
• Renin Inhibitors: Aliskiren.
• Alpha Blockers: Prazosin.
• Central Agonists: Clonidine.
• Vasodilators: Hydralazine.

2. Heart Failure

• ACE Inhibitors
• Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
• Beta-Blockers
• Diuretics
• Aldosterone Antagonists: Spironolactone, Eplerenone.
• Digitalis Glycosides: Digoxin.
• Vasodilators
• SGLT2 Inhibitors: Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin (recently recognized for their benefits in heart failure).

3. Arrhythmias

• Sodium Channel Blockers (Class I): Quinidine, Lidocaine.
• Beta-Blockers (Class II)
• Potassium Channel Blockers (Class III): Amiodarone, Sotalol.
• Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV): Verapamil, Diltiazem.
• Other Antiarrhythmics: Adenosine, Digoxin.

4. Angina Pectoris

• Nitrates: Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide mononitrate.
• Beta-Blockers
• Calcium Channel Blockers
• Antiplatelet Agents: Aspirin, Clopidogrel.
• Potassium Channel Openers: Nicorandil.
• Ranolazine

5. Atherosclerosis and Hyperlipidemia

• Statins: Atorvastatin, Simvastatin.
• Bile Acid Sequestrants: Cholestyramine.
• Fibrates: Fenofibrate.
• Niacin
• PCSK9 Inhibitors: Evolocumab.
• Ezetimibe

6. Thrombotic Disorders

• Antiplatelet Agents: Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor.
• Anticoagulants: Warfarin, Heparin, Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) like Dabigatran (a direct thrombin inhibitor) and Rivaroxaban (a Factor Xa inhibitor).

7. Peripheral Vascular Diseases

• Antiplatelet Agents
• Vasodilators
• Antihypertensives (as part of comprehensive management)

8. Stroke

• Anticoagulants
• Antiplatelet Agents
• Thrombolytics: Alteplase.